DP State Machine

Leetcode 309. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock with Cooldown

Problem

309. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock with Cooldown

Discussion

We can use a state machine to solve this problem. Detail can be found HERE.

We can have 3 actions:

• buy
• sell
• do nothing (rest)

If we define s0 as rest, then from s0:

• we can keep on resting,
• or we can buy

if we buy, we are transmitting to state s1.

From state 1, we can

• sell
• keep on doing nothing.

If we doing nothing, we will stay at state s1

if we sell, we will go to a new state s2.

From s2, we must go to state s0 to guarantee the cooldown requirement.

The state transition can be visualized here.

State Transition

Solution 1

/**
* jimmy shen
* time complexity O(n)
* space complexity O(n)
**/
class Solution {
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
        const int n = prices.size();
        if (n==0) return 0;
        
        vector<vector<int>> dp(n, vector<int>(3, INT_MIN));
        
        dp[0][0] = 0, dp[0][1] = -prices[0];
        
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i)
        {
            /**
            * dp[i][0] is the state of s0 (rest)
            * dp[i][1] is the state of s1 (buy)
            * dp[i][2] is the state of s2 (sell)
            **/
            dp[i][0] = max(dp[i-1][0], dp[i-1][2]);
            dp[i][1] = max(dp[i-1][1], dp[i-1][0] - prices[i]);
            dp[i][2] = dp[i-1][1] + prices[i];
        }
        auto ret = max(dp[n-1][0], dp[n-1][2]);
        return ret == INT_MIN? 0 : ret;
    }
};

Solution 2

An improved O(1) space complexity solution

/**
* jimmy shen
* time complexity O(n)
* space complexity O(1)
**/
class Solution {
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
        const int n = prices.size();
        if (n==0) return 0;
        
        int s0 = 0, s1 = -prices[0], s2 = INT_MIN;
        int new_s0, new_s1, new_s2;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i)
        {
            new_s0 = max(s0, s2);
            new_s1 = max(s1, s0 - prices[i]);
            new_s2 = s1 + prices[i];
            s0 = new_s0, s1 = new_s1, s2 = new_s2;
        }
        auto ret = max(s0, s2);
        return ret == INT_MIN? 0 : ret;
    }
};

Thanks for reading.